Other than just a few exceptions, most safari lodges and camps do not have air conditioning.

The climate in Northern Tanzania is usually pleasant enough that folks don't miss air conditioning (this is especially true in the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Crater, due to the high elevations). But if you want to have air conditioning for part (or most) of the time, we suggest considering the Four Seasons Serengeti Lodge, which is recommended year-round and can be utilized as a base to game drive both the North and Central Serengeti. January and February are the warmest months of the year in Northern Tanzania. So it might be best to avoid those months if you are particularly susceptible to warmer temperatures, though even in those two months it rarely gets above 85 degrees in the Serengeti. The slightly cooler months in Northern Tanzania are from April to September.

*NOTE: There is no air conditioning in our vehicles due to their open nature.

*Please see Seasonal Highlights section for more info

Download our checklist of 100 different species you can seek while on safari!

Learn about monthly seasonal highlights and where different species migrate throughout the year.

View Migration Map

We highly recommend the Arusha Layover option for all guests without any significant time constraints.

There are dozens of accommodations in Arusha with a wide range of prices including 5-star coffee plantation resorts, private multi-bedroom villas, large international resorts, and smaller boutique hotels.

Check out our Arusha Layover section to discover why adding an extra night in Arusha could enhance your itinerary, along with a variety of activities and sightseeing tours available in the Arusha-Kilimanjaro region.

A sunrise hot air balloon ride is a highly popular optional activity in Serengeti National Park.

The cost for the balloon ride is currently $595 per person (if booked in advance through ADS). You can expect to pay about $100 more per person if you book directly through the lodge or camp you will be staying at in the Serengeti.

The balloon ride is a lot of fun, and most participants do enjoy it very much, but we always like to set guest's expectations up fairly before they book the balloon ride to avoid potential disappointment later.

*Visit our Balloon Safari section for full details on what to expect.

Your safari vehicle will be stocked with enough binoculars so that everyone will have their own pair.

Nikon Action 7 x 35 Ultra Wide View Binoculars are available for each person to use while on safari in Northern Tanzania. Binoculars are essential for game viewing. You need them to see small or distant animals clearly and they greatly increase your ability to observe behavior of larger animals. In addition, binoculars enable you to see much better in dim light. Binoculars between 7 and 12-power are suitable for game viewing. The higher the number, the greater the magnification will be. However, unless you have very steady hands, you may have trouble seeing clearly with a 10 or 12-power binoculars. Accordingly, we recommend 7 power binoculars for the average person. The second number on binoculars refers to the diameter of the larger, objective lens. The larger the objective lens, the more light is transmitted and the greater the relative brightness of the image. At the same time, though, the field of view becomes much smaller and the binoculars need to be much bigger. A good compromise is somewhere in the 30's. Putting both numbers together, we recommend a 7x35 or perhaps an 8x32.

There are two options for bathrooms while on game drives.

Since you will be conducting a private safari with plenty of opportunities where there will be no other vehicles in sight, the easiest, safest and most private spot is directly behind the vehicle. At any time, your driver-guide can find a safe and private area and you may simply just exit the vehicle and walk to the rear. There are large double spare tires at the back of each vehicle blocking the view from anyone else within the vehicle. Alternatively, you may also use a bush bathroom away from the vehicle that your guide checks first and deems safe. Every vehicle does come equipped with a roll of toilet paper but it's a good idea to pack a few miniature travel type rolls. Please act in an eco-friendly manner and bring small bags with you to carry out any tissue paper. There are small scented bags you may purchase at most travel stores in the U.S.

The second option would be to plan each day with your driver-guide to make sure that you pass by a bathroom every hour or when needed. This can easily be accommodated as there are ranger stations, lodges, camps, museums, visitor centers, etc. spaced throughout the various areas of your safari and each has public bathroom facilities. You might want to bring a zip lock bag with a bar of soap as some places are sometimes missing soap.

Our driver-guides are extremely sympathetic to the bathroom dilemma and will bend over backwards to make sure you are completely comfortable and accommodated with your bathroom needs. Most folks are a bit shy at first but then quickly adapt and become comfortable with bush bathrooms. Others are more inclined towards proper facilities. Regardless of your personal preferences, please rest assured that your requirements will be completely accommodated by our courteous and professional guides.

Q: When traveling across the plains, what toilet facilities are available when you are in the bush?

A:"Bush Bathrooms" are a concern that almost everyone shares to some degree or another. We host an array of different guests... some are just slightly shy about the prospect of using au natural facilities, and others have physical limitations that make it next to impossible. So there are a few different strategies we can employ, which may vary depending on the guest's specific situation.

One common way to manage this issue is to simply ask your guide to make a scheduled stop by a rest room facility every couple hours or so. There are lodges, camps and ranger stations sprinkled throughout the park, so with a little planning your guide can just plan to make a stop at one of these facilities every couple hours. Our guides are quite sensitive to the dilemma of bush bathrooms and will bend over backwards to accommodate your needs. Remember this is a concern that every single guest shares.

If you find yourself out in the wilderness without a facility in sight, you may opt to use a more au natural setting, such as behind a tree (after your guide has checked the surrounding area for safety, of course), or simply go directly behind the vehicle. There is always going to be a few rolls of toilet paper in the vehicle in preparation for this occasion. Folks catch on to the 'bush bathroom' etiquette and lingo pretty quickly! The verbal code for a pit stop is to say "Hey let's stop. I need to check the tires." Say that to your guide and he'll know exactly what you mean!

For folks that are genuinely concerned about their physical ability bend, sit or lean in the ways necessary to go behind a tree or such, we can utilize a port-a-loo, or mobile toilet, that travels in the vehicle with you. We have even hosted folks in wheelchairs using a port-a-loo, and it's been quite successful. If you need something like this, be sure to let me know ahead of time so we can make the necessary arrangements.

Fire plays a number of important roles in any savannah ecosystem.

In the Serengeti ecosystem, fire enhances the quality and productivity of the grasslands by removing mature, coarser grasses to make room for more palatable grasses that the Serengeti's great herds of grazers prefer. However, out of control fires that burn too hot can be damaging to critical and sensitive habitats. Accordingly, the Serengeti park authorities have implemented a comprehensive fire management plan that balances these opposing forces by initiating controlled burning at the beginning of the dry season to reduce the risk of larger wildlife fires at the end of the dry season. Throughout the dry season (June to October), smoke filled air along with dust may pose an annoyance or health risk for guests and especially those with asthma.

Using Your Cell Phone on Safari

Using your cell phone while on safari is easy these days thanks to more affordable packages and the addition of new cell phones towers throughout Northern Tanzania. There is relatively good cell coverage in most areas that you might be traveling including Arusha-Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro Crater, Lake Manyara, Zanzibar, the top half of Tarangire and many regions of the Serengeti National Park. Coverage is also good throughout the Central regions of the Serengeti though it can be spotty at times in some of the more remote areas of the North, West and Southern Serengeti. However, your guide will know the areas (sometimes even a top of a hill) where cell phone reception is best in these remote regions and can provide recommendations accordingly.

To use your cell phone on safari, you simply need to call your carrier and purchase an international package and have your phone 'unlocked' for use in Tanzania or any other country you may be visiting. The packages at least through AT&T and Verizon have become more affordable lately making purchasing one a wise decision when travelling abroad. For example, AT&T has a package that works in 200 countries (including Tanzania) called the AT&T Passport Package that is valid for 30 days beginning on your chosen effective date. The cost is $70 per device and includes unlimited texting, 2GB of data use and calls back to the U.S. are charged at only 35 cents per minute. Other plans are also available and please make sure to read the terms and conditions carefully before selecting.

For those individuals that require the regular use of a phone in even the more remote areas that have spotty cell phone coverage, you may wish to rent a satellite phone in the U.S. before departure. An iridium satellite phone can be rented in the U.S. before your departure that you can use anywhere in Africa as long as you have a direct line of sight to the sky.

Temperate Climate

The majority of the famous wildlife parks of Northern Tanzania (situated just south of the equator) rest upon an elevated plateau creating a wonderfully temperate climate. Average highs are in the low 80s and average lows are in the 50s and 60s. The temperatures are very comfortable and there is little humidity due to the high elevation. The moderate climate creates a comfortable environment for wildlife viewing throughout the entire day. Even during mid-day it is rarely too hot for game viewing and many animals remain active. Wildlife viewing is a year round event due to the equatorial climate and there really is no preferred season in terms of weather though some individuals prefer the green season as it's not as dry or dusty. Full rainy days are rare and even during the green season (November to May), there is a greater proportion of sunshine and only brief and refreshing showers are the norm.

Altitude & Average Temperatures

The Serengeti National Park ranges in altitude from about 5,000 - 6,000 feet while Tarangire and Lake Manyara (situated in the rift valley) are lower in elevation (approximately 3,500 feet) and a little warmer. On the other hand, the rim of the Ngorongoro Crater is situated at 7,500 - 8,000 feet and is significantly colder, especially in the early morning. During the slightly warmer months from October to March, the average high is 84 degrees while the average low is 60 degrees in the Serengeti. During the slightly cooler months from April to September, expect an average high of 81 degrees and an average low of 55 degrees in the Serengeti. However, the rim of the Ngorongoro Crater can get significantly colder due to the high elevation and one needs a heavy sweater here year round. June, July and August are the coldest months and lows can sometimes drop into the 30s and 40s at the Ngorongoro Crater though daily high temperatures are unaffected. Make sure to bring a heavy sweater, gloves and warm hat during June, July and August for those early morning game drives in the Ngorongoro Crater.

Learn about monthly seasonal highlights and where different species migrate throughout the year.

View Migration Map

At the end of the day, the single most important factor in our clients having a successful safari is the quality of their GUIDE.

You will have the same driver-guide for the entire trip. Our guides are all local Tanzanians, well-educated and they all speak fluent English. We hire only the very best, and once we hire someone great we treat them like gold, not only do they deserve it but we also want to keep them! We continue to invest in them and their training. It is important to us that our guides are the most educated and passionate in the industry. Our guides are well educated and happy to be working for ADS! Here at ADS, our guides are the heart and soul of our company. They are our employees, sure, but they are also our family.

*For more detailed information about our expert drivers, visit our Driver Guides section.

Even in the green season, dusty conditions can be aggravating while out on game drives. The Serengeti Plains are especially prone to dusty conditions due to the shallow soil base and lack of long grass roots. During the dry season, dusty conditions are significantly worse. Please be prepared for dusty conditions and let us know in advance if you're especially sensitive to dust and we will adjust your itinerary accordingly to help minimize any negative impacts. All guests sensitive to dust are advised to bring bandanas.

Photography and video equipment may be especially prone to dusty conditions. It is a good idea to bring a bag that can be easily opened and completely sealed so you may store your equipment when not immediately needed. Bring a couple photo soft cloths to wipe dust from the lenses. Contact lens wearers may be especially sensitive. Please plan accordingly and bring an ample supply of lens lubricant.

Type G Plug Adapter

A 3 rectangular pin United Kingdom (British) plug adapter (type G) is required to use electrical appliances including phones, tablets, cameras, battery chargers, etc. Please note that Tanzania electrical sockets are identical to those found in London, Hong Kong and Dubai. The 3 rectangular pin 'type G' plug adapter is placed onto your device plug so that it will fit into the 3 rectangular pin electrical sockets. You may wish to consider bringing several of these little adapters allowing charging of more than one device at a time. Amazon.com sells a package of 3 adapters (type G) for just $13.

Here's the link:

Ceptics Hong Kong Travel Adapter

Voltage in Tanzania

The electrical voltage in Tanzania is 220V while the electrical voltage in the United States is 120V. If you have a dual voltage appliance or a universal power supply capable of operating safely with either 120V or 220V, all you will need is the little plug adapter that adapts the American style plug to the Tanzanian style plug, mentioned above. All newer phones, laptops, tablets and cameras come equipped with a dual voltage power supply so again all you'll need is the little plug adapter. Check to make sure that the input reads 100V - 240V or 120V - 240V.

For more information, please visit: electricaloutlet.org/type-g

Recommended Properties with Family Suites

There are several lodges and camps in Tanzania that offer two-bedroom/two-bathroom family suites that are ideal for parents traveling with children. Please see further below for a list of recommended properties with family suites. We do recommend booking the family suites well in advance, as most properties only have one or two available and they quickly fill up, especially during the peak summer, spring, and holiday periods.

Hemingway Camps

All the Hemingway Camps (including Mara River Camp in the North Serengeti, Seronera Sametu Camp in the Central Serengeti, Woodlands Camp in the South Serengeti, Ngorongoro Lion's Paw Camp at the Ngorongoro Crater, and Elephant Springs Camp in Tarangire National Park) have two-bedroom/two-bathroom family suites that are perfectly designed for families. Each family tent has similar specifications and includes two bedrooms and two bathrooms along with a separate lounge or family room area between the two bedrooms. The master bedroom features a king size bed and the second bedroom includes two twin beds (and one additional bed can be added, as needed). There are two of these family suites at each of the Hemingway properties. These spacious family suites are highly recommended for families wanting an authentic 'under canvas experience' in the remote wilderness, but with the added safety and comfort of being under one roof with plenty of space and privacy. Extra benefits for kids staying at the Hemingway Camps include S'mores kits and various Junior Game Ranger activities.

Four Season's Serengeti Lodge

The sprawling Four Seasons Serengeti Lodge, which can be used as a base to game drive either the Central or North Serengeti offers one bedroom/two bathroom Terrace Suites. These Terrace Suites come with a large master bedroom with a king size bed and a separate living area that has a double trundle bed, and two full bathrooms. With a maximum occupancy of 2 adults and 2 children, these suites also feature an outdoor terrace with a private plunge pool that overlooks a waterhole. The Four Seasons Serengeti Lodge also has more expansive two and three bedroom villas, all with their own living and dining rooms and private pools.

Pick-Up in Arusha

You will be briefed upon arrival as to the exact pick-up time for your transfer to the Arusha Airstrip for your internal flight to the Serengeti, if applicable. The pick-up time from your hotel in Arusha (usually between 6.00am and 6.45am) will vary based upon the location of your hotel, current traffic conditions and your Serengeti flight departure time (usually 8.00am but it can vary by as much as 60-minutes). It is critical that you be ready and on time for this airport transfer, as the morning Serengeti flights board and depart promptly.

Multiple Stops

Please note that the flight to the Serengeti may make multiple stops before arriving at your destination airstrip, depending upon the destinations of the other passengers. This can be an inconvenience. The pilot will know each guest's destination airstrip, and he or she will make sure you disembark at the correct airstrip. The flights can be quite loud and you may wish to bring disposable ear plugs.

Additional Flights Between Game Drives

Though we do our best to minimize driving distances by including a flight to the Serengeti, there are a few long drives in our regular safari itineraries, which can be further compounded by rough dirt treks, uneven terrain, and a bumpy ride in the land cruiser. Accordingly, you may wish to add additional flights between game drive locations. Some of the longer drives include those from the Central Serengeti lodges to the Ngorongoro Crater lodges, and also the Ngorongoro Crater lodges to the Tarangire lodges. You may also wish to add a night by Lake Manyara in the town of Karatu to break up the drive between the Ngorongoro Crater and Arusha, or the Ngorongoro Crater and Tarangire. Please talk with your safari consultant if you are interested in adding additional flights to your itinerary to alleviate one or more of the longer drives.

Dinners

A typical dinner at many lodges and camps will consist of approximately 3-4 courses. You'll be able to order a la carte off of a menu most of the time, and have a choice of an appetizer, soup or salad, main course (consisting of baked or grilled chicken, beef, or fish) often served with delicate sauces, vegetables, and a starch (baked potatoes or cooked rice, etc.), followed by a dessert, such as a fruit torte or tiramisu, and tea or coffee.

Buffets

The buffets are also quite good. For example, the international dinner buffet at the larger lodges usually consists of many (many) items from which to choose; a salad bar with salads and vegetables, such as fresh avocados; a selection of fresh fruits, such as mango, watermelon, pineapple and passion fruit; fresh breads and cheeses; sliced meats or baked or grilled entrees (such as those listed in the first paragraph above), and a dessert bar with an assortment of fresh fruits, pastries, cakes, tortes, pies, etc.

Hot Lunches

Hot lunches may be lighter than dinners, but you'll still have a variety of many of the items listed above from which to choose. Hot breakfasts usually consist of eggs cooked to order along with a breakfast meat, such as sausage or bacon, as well as a cold buffet of cereals, yogurts, breads, fruits, and sliced meats.

Flexible Private Game Drives

Please be aware that the majority of time on safari is spent in a vehicle game driving and wildlife viewing. Please advise us well in advance of any potential problems with long duration game drives and we will plan your itinerary accordingly and alert your driver of the situation in order to minimize any negative impact. Our private safaris are completely flexible and if need be we can shorten game drives and transit times, add additional flights and eliminate areas of rough terrain from your itinerary.

Fly-In / Drive-Out Itineraries

Transit driving is a big turn-off for most people, and here at ADS we certainly don't like it! Nobody likes to waste their precious moments in Africa driving from point A to point B without anything interesting in between. The whole idea behind our "fly in, drive out" program is to minimize transit. Luckily, once you get to the Serengeti, most of the lodges are going to be logistically situated within an easy 1-2 hour drive from each other (if you were to drive straight without stopping that is). So there is some driving, but the vast majority of these drives are through the heart of the National Park so they are a "game drive", not just a "transit drive". (As a result, the drives themselves do take longer than they would have to, but that's only because you are stopping to enjoy all the animal viewing opportunities along the way!)

School Supplies

School supplies are in great need in Tanzania. You may wish to bring school supplies with you and present to a local school while on your safari. There are schools between the Ngorongoro Crater and Lake Manyara as well as in Arusha. Some items you may wish to consider bringing include pens, crayons, exercise books, composition/spiral books, small backpacks, coloring books, colored markers, chalk, chalk board and world maps (inflatable globes are always a big hit). Please note that our guests are increasingly being hassled to pay duty upon arrival at Kilimanjaro on donated school supplies. Accordingly, we recommend distributing school supplies among your regular clothes and luggage to reduce the chance of being asked to pay duty. A better alternative to bringing school supplies to Tanzania would be to bring a little extra cash and we can take you to a school supply shop in Arusha to purchase supplies and then assist you with delivering them.

Contributions

Rather than giving out school supplies on an impromptu basis along the way, you might consider making a more organized contribution to one of the schools we work with on a regular basis. One worthy school we are working with at the moment is School of St. Jude's. If you want to stop by the school and visit them in person to see the kids or deliver supplies, please let us know and we can set up a tour for you with one of the school administrators, as long as school is in session during that time.

Sponsor Opportunities

If you want to lighten your load completely, one alternative option would be to sponsor a child at St. Jude's or make a financial donation towards school supplies, which can help the school make curriculum specific purchases that you know will be used to their full potential. You can make a donation before your safari, while you are there, or after you get home as the school makes it very easy to do online: schoolofstjude.org/product/donate/

Gifts for Driver Guides

Some individuals like to bring a small gift for their driver-guide. A good option for this would be a t-shirt or hat with a logo of your local sports team of any other item identifying with your hometown. If bringing a t-shirt, a large size is usually appropriate. However, we do believe the best gift you can give is simply bringing your excitement about your safari. Also, we suggest bringing three questions that you think will 'stump' your guide.

Don't I need to visit Kenya to see The Great Migration?

The short answer is "No". You can see The Great Migration by visiting Tanzania alone, but if you just go to Kenya without visiting Tanzania you may miss it! For long answer, read more about this here: africadreamsafaris.com/faq/when-to-go

Famous Migratory Movements in the Serengeti

The Serengeti is particularly famous for the Great Migration, which describes the annual cycle of movements made by wildebeest, zebra, Thomson's gazelle and eland. Elands, weighing up to 2,000 pounds, are the largest of the antelope species while Thomson's gazelles, affectionately called Tommies, are the fastest. The movements of the dominant migrant, the wildebeest, define the borders of the Serengeti ecosystem. The migratory movements are slightly different for each animal but the general pattern is that the migration uses the Southern Serengeti Plains in the green season and the Northern Serengeti Woodlands in the dry season. The famous migratory movements between the Plains and the Woodlands usually occur in May-June (northward migration) and October-November (southward migration).

Learn about monthly seasonal highlights and where different species migrate throughout the year.

View Migration Map

Point of Entry - Kilimanjaro Airport

The most convenient and efficient point of entry into Tanzania is Kilimanjaro Airport (airport code is JRO), which is next to the small town of Arusha and the origination point for all our safaris. There are four airlines that service Kilimanjaro Airport from the U.S. and Canada including Delta/KLM Airlines, Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines and Ethiopian Airlines. There are pros and cons with each airline (discussed in the following sections) and the best choice will certainly come down to pricing, availability of direct flight routing and European layover plans (if any). In general, Delta/KLM is the most popular choice given the large number of connections from North America while Qatar Airways offers the most comfortable experience with a relatively new fleet and excellent amenities, service, and seats.

Minimize Flight Segments

Given the frequent flight delays in the U.S. that many of our guests have experienced in recent years, we recommend, where possible, to minimize flight segments from the U.S. to Tanzania and to schedule an extra night (two nights total) in the Arusha-Kilimanjaro area before your safari begins. Our safaris always include one night in Arusha-Kilimanjaro before the safari begins, and adding an additional night (referred to as an Arusha Layover) is a simple and cost effective adjustment. The vast majority of flight delays our guests experience last no longer than 24-hours and having two nights in Arusha-Kilimanjaro would ensure that you don't miss any time on safari.

Personal Assistance with Booking

If you'd like some additional assistance with booking your flights, feel free to call Cathy King who is an airline booking agent. Cathy has helped many of our guests with airline bookings to Tanzania in the past, and she is familiar with the appropriate routings. She is not tied to any one airline, so she really can make an unbiased decision based on your situation. She is based in North Carolina - Eastern Standard Time.

Cathy King (flight consolidator)

Phone: 828-421-5000

Email: adventuretrips@hotmail.com

*Read more details including pricing options in our International Flight Routing section.

Last Minute Changes

If a client initiates a last minute change to the safari itinerary including accommodations, flights, services, etc., the client is responsible for any additional expenses occurring as a result of that change; the same is true for changes occurring as the result of a flight delay or airline schedule change. It is usually impossible for Africa Dream Safaris to get refunds for accommodations, flights and other services that have already been arranged and paid for, and then canceled under 90 days prior notice. These additional expenses are the responsibility of the client to pay for directly in Tanzania. We will, of course, endeavor our level best to minimize the costs of any changes by appealing to the lodges, airlines, etc. Should you fail to join a tour, or join it after departure, or leave it prior to its completion, no tour fare refund will be made. Airfare may also be non refundable. There will be no refunds from Africa Dream Safaris for any unused portions of the tour. The above policy applies to all travel arrangements made via Africa Dream Safaris.

Accountability

Furthermore, Africa Dream Safaris is not responsible for any airline changes or costs incurred as a result of those changes, including airline schedules, fares, cancellations, over-bookings or damage to or loss of baggage and property. Any and all claims for any loss or injury suffered on any airline must be made directly with the airline involved. Air schedule changes may necessitate additional nights being added to your tour. Again, these schedule changes are beyond the control of Africa Dream Safaris and any additional costs resulting from such changes are the responsibility of the client. Africa Dream Safaris shall not be held liable for any delays or additional costs incurred as a result of airlines not running to schedule.

*Please see the Travel Insurance section for more information.

Language

The official language in Tanzania is Swahili but there are hundreds of other local dialects. English is the second official language and the country's commercial language. It is also the main teaching language used for all higher education institutions. You will find that the majority of the people that you come in contact with are fluent in English and have a surprisingly good command of the language. Some useful and fun Swahili words and phrases are as follows:

English / Swahili

• Hello / Jambo
• Response to Jambo / Jambo or SiJambo
• How are you? / Habari?
• Good / Nzuri
• How's Things? (fun slang) / Mambo?
• Good (fun reply to Mambo) / Poa
• Have a good trip (safe journey) / Safari Njema
• Thank You / Asante Sana
• You're Welcome / Karibu Sana
• Yes / Ndiyo
• No / Hapana
• OK / Sawa
• No Problem / Hakuna Noma
• Good Night / La La Salama

Culture

Tanzania's culture is a result of African, European, Arabic and Indian influences. The mainland population is comprised of over 100 tribal groups. The Tanzanians are friendly people (especially to foreigners). Politeness, respect and modesty are highly valued. Handshakes are very important and it is also kind if you learn a few basic Swahili greetings before you arrive. Immodest attire or tattered clothing and open anger are disrespectful to the Tanzanian people.

Picnic 'In the Bush'

One of the key privileges you gain by choosing a private safari is flexibility in how you spend your time. Every day brings choices and one of the most important decisions you can make is whether to have breakfast and lunch at the lodge or rather a picnic box in the bush.

Early morning game drives at the first light of dawn are pure magic, and we strongly encourage you to partake in them! And there will likely be times you want to stay out on safari all day, either for an adventure game drive to a remote area of the park or to simply maximize each golden moment you are in "the bush". But even the most die-hard safari enthusiast still needs to eat! One way to get it all in without starving is to bring along a picnic *to go*. A picnic allows you to maximize your time wildlife viewing rather than delay your departure from the lodge or be forced to return to the lodge for a meal.

"Picnic boxes" (both breakfast and lunch boxes) are prepared on a daily basis by the kitchens at each respective lodge or camp on your itinerary. A typical breakfast box consists of a hard boiled egg, bacon or sausage, bread or pastries, juice and a banana or apple. A typical lunch box consists of a piece of chicken, bread, hard boiled egg, banana or apple, muffin, juice and bottle of water. These picnic boxes can be picked up from the kitchen before sunrise by your driver-guide.

Feedback from our returning clients suggests the quality of these picnic boxes is falling short of client expectations. Recent complaints include a lack of variety in the food choices, redundancy and over-cooked meats. Although we have committed substantial resources to lobby the various lodges and camps to improve the quality of their picnics, in the end we have little control over what food they prepare for the to-go boxes on a daily basis. We believe our efforts have been successful in working with some of smaller proprietors, though the larger lodges have proved more difficult to influence.

Although you can always choose a hot breakfast or hot lunch at the lodge, we still feel picnics are critical for maximizing the quality and quantity of your wildlife viewing experiences. Let's face it - a hot meal at the lodge will almost certainly result in a better culinary experience, but you can miss a lot with regards to wildlife viewing! So please keep that in mind when choosing breakfast or lunch (or both) at the lodge versus a picnic box to go.

With that being said, there are some days when it will be easier than others to return to the lodge for a hot meal should you desire to do so, and there is no reason you can't vary your decisions from day to day. Discuss the plan for each day's activities with your driver guide the night before so he can make appropriate arrangements. Your guide will certainly have suggestions, but the final decision about how to spend your time is ultimately up to you!

For those individuals who anticipate utilizing more picnic boxes, you may wish to consider bringing snacks (nutritional bars, turkey or beef jerky, dried fruit, granola, nuts, trail mix, etc.) to supplement your picnic boxes.

Free Luggage Allowance

Flights within Tanzania including the flight to and from the Serengeti have a free luggage allowance of 33 pounds (15 kgs) per person. The free luggage allowance pertains to the total combined weight of ALL your luggage and carry-on items including backpacks, purses, camera gear, camera bags, etc. Excess luggage is charged at $5 per each kg over and above the 15 kg free luggage allowance if it can be accommodated on the flight. For the standard Serengeti flight included in most itineraries, we've found that usually any excess luggage can be accommodated on the flight as long as you pay the excess baggage fee AND the excess luggage is within reason (i.e. about 5 to 10 pounds over the limit). Excess luggage that could not be accommodated on your flight would be flown out on the next available flight.

Prepay for Excess Luggage

Guests also have the option to pre-book and prepay for excess luggage ahead of time, which can be an excellent idea to help alleviate any worrying. For this option we would just need to know an estimate for the weight of your combined luggage and we can bill you accordingly (we recommend pre-booking at least 90 days ahead of time). Please note that luggage will be stored in the luggage compartment and not on a seat.

Photography Gear

If you're a serious photographer with heavy gear, you may wish to purchase an extra 'luggage seat' for your internal flight(s), which would allow for a maximum of 70 kgs of excess luggage (luggage will still be stored in the luggage compartment and not in the extra seat). Please contact your safari consultant for current pricing and recommendations.

Soft-Sided Luggage Preferred

Soft-sided luggage is preferred for the flight to the Serengeti, but hard sided luggage is allowed. The cargo pod measurements for the bush planes can be as small as 15 inches by 27 inches so please make sure your luggage is not larger than these dimensions.

If you have extra luggage that you won't need for the safari (i.e., extra luggage for pre-safari or post-safari travel, books you read on the international flight over, etc.) you are more than welcome to leave these excess items for safekeeping with our staff in Arusha. They will store them at our secure offices in Arusha and then redeliver to you before flying home.

Carry-On Valuables

Please carry-on all valuables and do NOT check in any luggage containing items such as camera equipment, tablets, laptops, etc. to avoid theft. Please note that the flight to the Serengeti may make multiple stops before arriving at your destination airstrip depending upon the destinations of the other passengers. This can be an inconvenience. The pilot will know each guest's destination airstrip and he or she will make sure you disembark at the correct airstrip. The flights can be quite loud and you may wish to bring disposable ear plugs.

Pack Light & Informal

We recommend packing light, as no formal clothes are needed and laundry services are available at most lodges and camps either free of charge or for a small fee ($2 - $3 per item).

Rolling Suitcases

Many people will bring a lightweight rolling soft-sided bag, since it has reasonable capacity but the bag itself doesn't weigh much, so you can allocate your weight allowance to the actual contents of your bag rather than the bag itself. The downside with the rolling soft-sided bag is that it's hard keeping everything organized, especially on a typical safari itinerary where you are changing accommodations frequently. Alternatively, some of our guests choose to bring a typical 21-inch rolling suitcase (normal carry-on size which fits in the typical overhead bins on international flights). If you choose to go with the 21-inch rolling suitcase route, we recommend a soft-sided version that has a hard back (opposed to a hard-sided/shell type suitcase).

Delayed Luggage

Please note that delayed luggage is relatively common on international air carriers arriving into Kilimanjaro. Accordingly, it is recommended that you carry-on all luggage including one carry-on rolling soft-sided bag or 21-inch rolling suitcase and one separate camera bag and/or shoulder bag per person. If you do choose to check in your luggage, it is essential that you carry-on ALL important items including, but not limited to, the following: prescription medicines, camera equipment, essential toiletries, and at least two separate changes of clothes. Remember, you are flying to a remote location where it may be impossible to purchase such items in the event your luggage is lost or delayed. As you pack, ask yourself "would my trip be ruined if I did not have this item?" If the answer is yes, pack it in your carry-on bag!!!

Weight & Size Limits

Recently many airlines, including KLM Airlines, have become more aggressive in enforcing weight and size limits with regards to carry-on luggage for economy class passengers. Their carry-on rule of 2 carry-on pieces totaling a maximum 26 pounds has rarely been enforced in the past. However, we have recently had a few guests forced to check in their luggage at the gate/jet way. These clients were pulled out of line and told their carry-on luggage was too big and heavy. We believe that many airlines may be tightening their rules and enforcement, especially if your luggage appears to be 'overstuffed', has items hanging out, or appears to be 'unusual' or 'untidy'. We continue to recommend that all guests pack as lightly as possible, and do not overstuff carry-on luggage. Walk quietly to the gate and smile. This will go a long way!

Check Ahead for Restrictions

Please check your airline's website for current carry-on/hand baggage allowances, including size and weight restrictions. Rules vary, not only from airline to airline, but also between the various classes (Economy, Premium Comfort, Business, etc.). As an extra caution, we recommend that you include a duffel bag or similar in one piece of your carry-on luggage just in case you are forced to check in that piece of luggage. You would then be able to quickly pull out some critical items (prescription medicine, change of clothes, etc.) and put those items in the bag to carry onboard the aircraft with you. Checked luggage is frequently delayed (we estimate roughly 20% of the time). If your luggage is delayed, the airlines can usually deliver it to us within 24 - 48 hours. There are daily flights into the Serengeti, so once we have your luggage in hand, getting it to you while you are on safari is not a problem.

Pack Critical Items in Carry-On

We have had clients in the past who were concerned about losing checked luggage express interest in mailing items to Arusha ahead of time. Although it is 'possible' to try and mail some items to Arusha ahead of time, we would not generally recommend it. It would likely be rather expensive and the mail service in Africa is extremely unreliable (much more so than the airlines!) Please keep all critical items and valuables in your carry-on shoulder bag or on you including passport, tickets, wallet, medications, toiletries, camera, glasses, etc. Never pack any camera equipment in your check in luggage. If you do decide to check your luggage, please protect yourself from the consequences of the airline losing your luggage by packing critical items as described above and also two changes of clothes in a carry-on bag.

Extra Suitcases

Please note that you may leave extra suitcases at our office in Arusha upon arrival and we can redeliver them to you after your safari. This is particularly useful for those individuals combining their safari with vacations in Europe or other destinations where the clothing requirements and climates are different (especially in the winter). We can securely store all non-safari related items at our office. Some guests prefer packing two different suitcases with one to take on the safari and a second one for Europe or other destinations.

Note: This is applicable for Zanzibar only. If you are traveling to Zanzibar after your safari, please ensure that you dress modestly when not at the beach or at the beach resorts. When away from the beach and beach resorts, women should not wear sleeveless tops and short skirts (pants or at least knee-length shorts are fine). Men should wear shirts, pants, or knee-length shorts. During Ramadan, take particular care with dress and show respect by not eating or drinking in the street or other public places.

Cultural Trip Enhancement

The "Maasai Village Visit" is an optional activity we offer to enhance the cultural aspect of a client's safari. It is fairly easy to incorporate a visit to a Maasai village on a traditional wildlife safari, as there are several villages dotting the NCA landscape on the drive between the Serengeti National Park and the Ngorongoro Crater. However, based on recent feedback from returning clients, the Maasai village seems to be falling short of most visitors' expectations.

Although the villages we take our clients to are authentic, residents are beginning to get used to tourists stopping by. Tourists are often willing to pay money in exchange for Maasai jewelry and other wares. As a result, many of the Maasai residents have started soliciting our guests for such transactions. Although completely harmless and without foul intent, such solicitations can still make many guests feel uncomfortable. In an effort to mitigate our clients' exposure to such behavior, we have strived to take our clients further and further off the beaten path to more remote villages, where the residents are less likely to solicit our guests. It was only a matter of time, however, before residents of the more remote villages started soliciting behaviors as well.

*Learn more about our Cultural Tour options.

Tanzania Currency

The currency in Tanzania is the Tanzania Shilling though U.S. dollars are readily acceptable and preferred on the tourist circuit. There is little reason to exchange money upon arrival if bringing U.S. dollars. Visa and MasterCard are accepted at most lodges and many shops (please see the credit card warning section). It is recommended to bring enough US dollars plus an additional cushion amount to cover all additional expenses just to be on the safe side. Please make sure to bring crisp, new vintage bills (no older than 2010) as many shops, hotels and banks in Tanzania will not accept older bills due to counterfeiting problems.

Most Costs Included

The majority of the costs on your trip are included in your package. Please refer to the specific inclusions and exclusions section on the last page of your itinerary along with the tipping guidelines below for a gauge to determine the amount of money you will need to bring. You should bring U.S. dollars in both large and small denominations to pay for any additional expenses.

Drinks & Laundry Costs

All properties in Tanzania have full bars and offer laundry services. However, only some lodges and camps offer complimentary drinks and laundry while at others these are considered chargeable extras. Please refer to the inclusions and exclusions section on the last page of your itinerary for a specific listing of the lodges that include drinks and laundry on your safari. Below is a listing of typical costs at lodges and camps in Tanzania where drinks and laundry are not included:

• Bottled water, soft drinks, and juices: $2 - $5 each
• Local Beer (Serengeti, Tusker, Kilimanjaro): $5 each
• House Wines: $10 per glass or $30 - $40 per bottle
• Premium Wines: $40 - $60 per bottle
• Mixed Drinks (Gin and Tonic, etc.): $10 per drink
• Laundry: $2 - $3 per item

Bottled water is complimentary in your room at all properties in Tanzania but bottled water ordered at breakfast, lunch or dinner is considered a chargeable bar item at properties that don't offer complimentary drinks. It's usually about $5 for a liter sized bottled water. Since all the various lodges and hotels specifically in the town of Arusha do not offer complimentary drinks, please expect to pay for bottled water along with other drinks consumed during your meals while staying at any of the properties in Arusha including Arusha Coffee Lodge, Lake Duluti Lodge, Kili Seasons Hotel, Kili Villas, Mount Meru Hotel and Gran Melia Resort.

Please note that all the lodges, hotels and camps in Tanzania are individually owned and operated, and we have little control over whether or not beverages are included in their rates. Nobody likes hidden costs, so we can assure you we do try hard to make it very clear up front exactly what is included and excluded in each safari itinerary.

Safari Photography Guide

We're very excited to tell you all about a new section of our website called - Our Photographic Ambassador (africadreamsafaris.com/safari-details/photographic-ambassador). In this super comprehensive guide to safari photography, our expert wildlife cinematographer/photographer Jeff Smith shares 20+ tips to ensure you capture the most awe-inspiring and unforgettable moments from your trip. From suggestions on cameras and lenses to details about shooting from a safari vehicle and packing your gear, he thoroughly answers all of the photo questions we've been gathering from our guests for years. Jeff should know a thing or two about how to show up prepared to shoot wildlife, he's been on safari with us 5 times!

In this section of our site, you will find a series of articles that will answer many of your photographic questions. Questions every photographer and every tourist has, regardless of their skill level. So, do you want to know just how close you will get? Wondering what camera you should buy? Curious about weight restrictions and how to pack your gear? Want to know how to best work with the strong (and magical) African sun or what it's like to shoot while standing in a safari vehicle? The list of great expert photo tips goes on and on. What are you waiting for? DIG IN

Camera & Lens Rentals

There are quite a few retailers offering cameras and lenses for rent, but one of our favorites is an online site called "Lensrentals." They will FedEx the camera and/or lenses to you almost anywhere in the United States, and they provide prepaid shipping labels and packaging so you can easily FedEx the gear back to them when you are done. Packages are available that include everything you would need (camera, lenses, memory cards, extra batteries, charger, etc.). They even have wildlife kit packages by popular brands including Canon and Nikon that include everything you need to capture great wildlife photos. Costs for the popular wildlife kit packages start at about $500 for a 2-week rental. The Wildlife Kit for Canon is especially enticing as it includes the trusty Canon 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II lens, which we've seen produce tremendous results over the years from hundreds of guests. Here is a link to the Canon Wildlife Kit: lensrentals.com/rent/wildlife-kit-for-canon and the Nikon Wildlife Kit: lensrentals.com/rent/wildlife-kit-for-nikon

Bean Bags

The best way to stabilize a camera with a large lens while shooting from the vehicle is simply with a bean bag. This allows you to quickly move the bean bag, depending upon the action you're trying to capture, to various locations in just a few seconds. While shooting from a standing position, you can lay the bean bag on the roof rail and stabilize your camera. If you need a lower angle, you can rest the bean bag over the window frame and shoot from there.

Our vehicles always come equipped with one large bean bag, but just let us know in advance if you need any additional bean bags. If you're bringing your own empty bean bags, just let us know how many pounds of filler (i.e., beans) you will need and we will make sure your guide has that exact amount in the vehicle waiting for you. Some of our guests do bring tripods that mount to the roof rails of the vehicles as well - see link: blog.africadreamsafaris.com/2012/07/18/client-photography-tip-a-tripod-to-go/

How We Compare to Group Tours

Africa Dream Safaris offers only "private" safaris. Most safari companies out there offer pre-packaged "group tours" which is a completely different type of product and is organized in a completely different way. To facilitate a "group tour", typically a pre-planned itinerary is set up on specific calendar dates, and a block of rooms are booked at specific lodges on those dates. Then various people can "sign up" to join others for that tour until the designated number of spaces are filled. While out on safari with a "group tour", strangers are shuffled together and must go along with the group's decisions, despite whatever individual interests they may have. Unfortunately, this almost always leads to compromise and disappointment on what is already a highly emotionally charged trip for most people.

Custom Designed Itineraries

In contrast, when designing a private safari, we customize the trip based on your schedule and preferences, with our expert guidance to make sure you don't miss anything, and while you are out on safari you have the freedom to explore your specific interests at your pace without adhering to the whims of others. Here at Africa Dream Safaris, we don't think anyone should have to compromise on a big trip like this one, and that's the reason we do only private safaris!

*Read more details about the Private Safari Advantage.

Field Guides

1. East African Wildlife (Bradt Travel Guide) by Philip Briggs

The 'East African Wildlife' is the most practical and useful field guide available on the flora and fauna of East Africa. It is a must for every wildlife enthusiast embarking on a safari to Tanzania! This new visitor's guide provides a colorful overview of the region's variety of large mammals together with an insight into their habits and habitats. The book also provides an excellent introduction to the region's less heralded variety of 'small stuff' - including 1,500 bird species and butterflies. Accessible and beautifully illustrated, the guide will appeal both to the first-time visitor and to the serious naturalist seeking a compact volume to carry around. Our favorite aspect of this field guide is the fact that all photos were taken in East Africa and 'stock' photos or photos from other regions in Africa were not used.

2. Wildlife of East Africa by Martin B. Withers and David Hosiking

This handy little field guide is the perfect match for those mainly interested in animal identification and short descriptions on each species behavior and ecology. This is a compact and concise field guide with beautiful color photographs and descriptions identifying each animal. The 'Wildlife of East Africa' includes mammals, birds, plants and reptiles and focuses on East Africa making it extremely useful while out on safari in Tanzania, Kenya or Uganda. The color pictures and easy to read descriptions are extremely helpful in terms of identifying common animal species that are similar in appearance. For example, there are several species of regularly encountered antelopes that look similar to each other at first glance including the Grant's Gazelle, Thomson's Gazelle, Steenbok, Oribi, Reedbuck, Klipspringer, Duiker and Dik-Dik. Your safari guide will certainly be impressed as you call out each species with the use of this handy little field guide by your side.

3. The Safari Companion by Richard D. Estes

The 'Safari Companion' is the most comprehensive field guide on African mammals. A detailed analysis is provided on each mammal (excludes birds, reptiles and plants) that you will encounter on your safari. Black and white sketches and descriptions are provided for each animal as well as information on each particular animal's social / mating system, reproduction, communication and ecology. There is also a superb and fascinating discussion on each animal's behavior. A downside with this guide is the poor black and white sketches with regards to identifying common animal species. Another minor problem with the 'Safari Companion' is that it covers all of Africa and can be a bit complicated for first time visitors to East Africa.

Research Books and Field Studies

1. Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem by A.R.E. Sinclair and M. Nortons-Griffiths

2. Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management and Conservation of an Ecosystem

The 'Serengeti' and 'Serengeti II' combine to form the authoritative literature on the Serengeti Ecosystem, which is the most famous, abundant and diverse ecosystem in all of Africa. Both are a product of over 40 years of research and a collaboration of dozens of field biologists and researchers who have spent their lives studying and documenting just about everything (from dung beetles to lions) that inhabits the Serengeti. The books are a collection of short essays including such topics as the wildebeest, zebra and gazelle migration, the Serengeti environment, plants and herbivory, herbivores and predation, predator demography and behavior and conservation and management. The 'Serengeti' and 'Serengeti II' are best purchased together and are highly recommended.

3. The Serengeti Lion by George B. Schaller

This legendary and groundbreaking book details George Schaller's observations and conclusions from his long-term study of the Serengeti lions from 1966 to 1969. Schaller's study was groundbreaking in that he was able to explain many aspects of lion society. However, the most important aspect of his study was that his findings proved that predators (mainly lion, hyena, leopard, cheetah and wild dog) did not limit the population sizes of their prey species. This may seem a minor conclusion but keep in mind that for decades park game wardens used to shoot predators, particularly wild dogs, as it was believed that they would decimate prey populations (wildebeest, zebra, gazelles, etc.) if not eradicated. We now know, as Schaller clearly showed in his study, that it is not necessary to regulate carnivores to ensure large populations of herbivores. Most herbivore populations are indeed limited by dry season forage and not carnivores.

The Serengeti lions that inhabit the area around Seronera have been continuously studied since 1966 when Schaller began his work. Though there have been significant changes to the Serengeti since the 1960's (most notably the increase in wildebeest and the disappearance of the disease Rinderpest), the research and conclusions remain valid and the book is still the authoritative literature on the Serengeti lion. You will find references to Schaller's work in just about every subsequent research study in the Serengeti. The pride structure, behavior and hunting tactics and much more are described in detail. Additionally, a few of the Serengeti's other predators are described in lesser detail including the Leopard, Cheetah, Hyena and the now locally extinct Wild Dog. 'The Serengeti Lion' is a must read for every lion fanatic.

4. Cheetahs of the Serengeti Plains by T.M. Caro

T.M. Caro documents nine years of research (1980 - 1989) in this book about the cheetahs that inhabit the Serengeti National Park. This Serengeti cheetah is notably different then the cheetahs that inhabit other parts of Africa in that the majority of the cheetahs found in the Serengeti are migratory. Most of the Serengeti cheetahs follow the Thomson's gazelle migration from the western and central woodlands in the dry season to the eastern and southern plains during the green season. This book describes in detail cheetah behavior, reproduction, range, hunting tactics and conservation. This is a superb book and reading it will greatly enhance your enjoyment of cheetah viewing.

5. The Spotted Hyena - A Study of Predation and Social Behavior by Hans Kruuk

Hans Kruuk lived in the Serengeti between 1964 and 1968 and spent 4- years studying spotted hyenas in the Serengeti National Park as well as the nearby Ngorongoro Crater. This was the first study ever conducted on hyenas and remains the most comprehensive and authoritative literature on hyenas. This is a wonderful book and the discussions about hunting behavior, clan society and mating rituals are captivating. Spotted hyenas are fascinating animals and completely misunderstood. Hans Kruuk's well-written book offers a glimpse into the hyena's mysterious life and his findings are enlightening.

Hyenas are capable hunters and in fact this study showed that they killed 70% of their food in the Serengeti and an astonishing 96% of their food in the Ngorongoro Crater. Hyenas are the most successful predator in the Serengeti and truly fascinating to watch if you know their behavior. They live in complex societies like lions called clans but the females are at the top and are actually larger than males and possess external genitalia. Most people tend to think of them as scavengers. Though they are well adapted to scavenging, they are more likely to kill their own food (even adult zebras) and lions actually scavenge more from hyenas than vice versa.

Insects

The fear of bugs and insects is generally much greater than the reality of what you will encounter. However, tolerances differ widely from individual to individual. The temperate climate and high elevation of Tanzania's Northern Parks mean that insect concentrations are significantly less than other areas of Africa. Please be aware though that insects can be present in significant numbers depending upon your location and current weather patterns. This could pose an annoyance for some individuals.

The African Mosquito

Mosquitoes are present but they are generally not active during the day. The African Mosquito is most active from dusk to dawn. Whether or not you are taking antimalarial drugs, it is important to protect yourself from mosquito bites from dusk till dawn. This is when the type of mosquito whose bite transmits malaria is active. Precautionary measures include using DEET (concentration of 20% or more) based insect repellent and covering up before dusk and wearing long sleeved shirts, trousers, socks and shoes in the evenings.

You may also wish to use permethrin treated clothing and gear such as shoes, pants, socks and shirts. You can buy pre-treated clothing and gear with permethrin or treat them at home. Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. Permethrin should NOT be used directly on skin. You should certainly cover up and use insect repellent before going to dinner each evening. Pay particular attention to your ankles and legs as mosquitoes, if present, seem to hover at ankle level.

Flies can be more of a nuisance than mosquitoes, especially when you're near the wildebeest migration. Flies are attracted to animals and the droppings of herd animals, so you don't get one without the other. You will undoubtedly know when you have found the larger migratory wildebeest herds (100,000 plus!)

Tsetse Flies

Tsetse flies are worse than the average fly and they are mainly found in the woodlands, and their bite does hurt. Areas where you would have some potential exposure to tsetse flies include Tarangire National Park and a few pockets of woodlands in the Northern and Western Serengeti. The more open areas of the Central Serengeti, South Serengeti, East Serengeti and Ngorongoro Crater are usually free of tsetse flies.

Staying Healthy on Safari

Participation on a safari requires that you be in generally good health. All guests must understand that while a high level of fitness is not required, a measure of physical activity is involved in all African Safaris. It is essential that persons with any medical problems and/or related dietary restrictions make them known to us well before departure.

For detailed health information for travelers to Tanzania visa wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel (go to the 'For Travelers' section and select 'Tanzania' in the drop down window). It is important that you read through all the information on the specific health information page on the CDC site for travelers to Tanzania including the following sections: Vaccines and Medicines, Stay Healthy and Safe, Healthy Travel Packing List, Travel Health Notices and After Your Trip.

For a detailed discussion on Malaria including the different antimalarial drugs available and ways to prevent mosquito bites, please visit: cdc.gov/malaria

Whether or not you are taking antimalarial drugs, it is important to protect yourself from mosquito bites from dusk till dawn. This is when the type of mosquito whose bite transmits malaria is active. Precautionary measures include using DEET (concentration of 20% or more) based insect repellent and covering up before dusk and wearing long sleeved shirts, trousers, socks and shoes in the evenings. You may also wish to use permethrin treated clothing and gear such as shoes, pants, socks and shirts. You can buy pre-treated clothing and gear with permethrin or treat them at home. Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. Permethrin should NOT be used directly on skin. You should certainly cover up and use insect repellent before going to dinner each evening. Pay particular attention to your ankles and legs as mosquitoes, if present, seem to hover at ankle level.

Ideal Safari Packing List

• Passport, plane tickets, safari itinerary and emergency contact document Tanzania Visa
• U.S. dollars in large and small denominations (no older than 2010)
• One or two credit cards (see credit card warning section)
• Small flashlight
• Sunglasses
• Sunscreen and lip balm
• Insect repellent
• Contact lens solution, spare glasses, and extra contact lenses
• Waterless antibacterial gel, hand wipes and Kleenex
• Camera, extra batteries and charger, if applicable
• UK plug adapter
• Playing cards, small games and reading material (see safari reading list)
• Journal or notebook for recording daily observations and pens
• Snacks - nutrition bars, nuts, candy, etc.
• Zip lock bags for toiletries, camera equipment, snacks, small trash bags
• All rooms at each lodge/camp have soap, shampoo, and conditioner
• Small medical kit including Tylenol/Advil, antimalarial pills, cold and allergy medicine, cream for itches and rashes (i.e. Benadryl itch relief stick), band-aids, stomach ache medicine (i.e. Pepto-Bismol), antibiotic ointment (i.e. Neosporin), multi-vitamins, diarrhea medicine (i.e. Imodium), prescription antibiotic effective against a broad range of bacteria including traveler's diarrhea (i.e. Ciprofloxacin commonly known as Cipro), antihistamine tablets and any prescription medications.
• If you have back issues, you may wish to consider bringing along a travel pillow to pad the safari seat over the bumpy roads (it can also double as a tool to steady your camera while taking pictures)
• If you wear contact lenses, you should also bring along a pair of glasses in case your eyes get irritated from the dust
• Be sure to bring enough cash. Credit cards are not accepted everywhere, and there are no ATM machines out in the bush. See the money section for more information.
• As a safety precaution in case of a lost passport, we recommend that all guests carry a photocopy of their passport in a separate piece of luggage, or scan and email your passport to your ADS sales representative.
• Small battery operated hand-held fan
• Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate if traveling to or from a Yellow Fever infected country such as Kenya, Rwanda, or Uganda
• Packing cubes are recommended as they can help you become a more organized and efficient traveler.

Ideal Safari Clothes

• One pair of comfortable walking shoes (i.e.: sneakers, cross training, or light hiking shoes)
• Casual, comfortable, and loose fitting clothing in khaki, brown, beige, green and olive colors
• Two or three T-shirts or light tops
• Two or three Long-sleeved shirts/blouses
• One or two shorts
• Two or three light long pants or convertible long-short pants
• Medium heavy fleece, sweater, or sweatshirt
• Socks and underwear
• Pajamas
• Hat and bandana
• Heavy sweater, light gloves, knit hat/beanie for the Ngorongoro Crater
• For the ladies, you may consider wearing a sports bra while out on game drives as the roads can be a bit bumpy
• Optional: lightweight jacket or windbreaker

What to Bring in Your Day Pack

{ shared by our safari specialist, Dawn Anderson }

I was answering safari prep questions for one of my clients the other day, when she asked what I thought was a very good question. "Dawn, when you are out on safari, what items do you bring in your day-pack?" Aside from my main suitcase full of clothes, I do also bring a smaller back-pack that travels out "into the bush" with me during the course of a day, while the larger suitcase stays at the lodge. I thought it was a clever question, and perhaps the answer will be helpful to others as they embark on their own safari adventure.

Here it goes, my "Master 'Day Pack' List"

• Sunglasses
• Lip balm (SPF 45)
• Facial cleansing clothes ("Olay Daily Facials Express" or similar)
• Mints or chewing gum
• Tylenol or Advil
• Small notebook and pen
• Sunscreen (SPF 50 or higher)
• Safari hat
• Pony-tail holder
• Kleenex
• Pet-waste bags
• Hand-sanitizer
• Insect repellent towelette
• Money/passport wallet
• Camera

Okay, so many items on the list are self-explanatory and seem to be common sense. But this list actually took me several different safaris to perfect! Sunglasses are rather obvious. But it took me at least 3 trips to Africa and several episodes of sunburned/chapped lips before I figured out to bring lip balm with sunscreen! The facial cleaning clothes, like the ones made by Olay, are a big lifesaver, especially when conditions are dusty, and the type that is especially formulated for your face will double as a skin care regimen for morning and evening. At home I use facial cleanser and moisturizer, but these bottles of liquid are cumbersome to pack and I much prefer to leave them at home.

I bring along a small pack of Kleenex for minor emergencies. They are easy to keep with you, and just in case the toilet paper runs out I have my own backup. On a similar subject, I also bring along a pack of opaque "pet waste" bags to dispose of any toilet paper from using "bush bathrooms". An easy and low-profile way to avoid being a litter-bug! Bringing along a small bottle of hand-sanitizer is also a good idea! Nothing ruins a great trip like a headache. Sometimes the sun, dust and bumpy roads can initiate one, so I'm quick to nip it in the bud wit a couple Tylenol or Advil before it becomes a bigger problem. Of course I also bring along any other medication I might need during the day.

As much as I love to pop my head out the open-topped land-cruiser and feel the wind in my hair, it also gets tangled pretty quickly unless I use a trusty pony-tail holder or safari hat. I also bring along a brush or comb. One trick I've found to keep long hair tame is to wear it in a braid; this will result in very few tangles at the end of the day! Instead of bringing insect repellent lotion or spray, which can be cumbersome to pack, I now use these handy pre-packaged towelettes. I like the brand "OFF" because theirs include DEET, which is extremely effective against mosquitoes, and they are easy to find and purchase, either on-line or through many outdoor-type stores. The best part about these is how easy they are to pack and use! I can usually get by using only 1 per day.

I also bring along a small notebook and pen to take journal notes, as well as mints or chewing gum. A clever product I've recently discovered are Brush-ups , which are a great way to quickly 'brush your teeth' while on the go. Sunscreen is an obvious item to pack, but I think it's a good idea to bring the strong stuff! Think SPF 50 or greater. The climate in Northern Tanzania feels mild because of the high elevation, but here on the equator, the sun is stronger than you think! And if anything can ruin your trip faster than a headache, it would be sun-poisoning. Of course I keep my passport and money with me at all times. I use a travel wallet, similar to this one: Eagle Creek Travel Wallet

So that's my day pack! Obviously your contents may differ slightly from mine, but hopefully I've offered an idea or two that you too can use! (Of course, I also bring along a camera. For more info on that subject you can read the photography section )

Tanzania is a very safe, secure and tourist friendly country. Tanzania has enjoyed a remarkable period of stability and growth since independence back in 1961 and is one of the safest countries in Africa.

Tanzania has more than 132 distinct tribes that have lived in harmony for centuries. Tanzania has a founding philosophy from its first President, Julius Nyerere (a man who Nelson Mandela called his mentor and inspiration), which emphasized tolerance and the idea of a nation coming before any sense of tribal loyalty. His belief that "we are Tanzanians first and foremost", helped to create and encourage a national character of tribal, racial and religious tolerance. Tanzanians are very proud that they have never had a civil war and as they watch what happens in neighboring countries (Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and now Kenya), they are even more committed to the ideas of tolerance and peace. Nyerere insisted on a national language (Swahili) and insisted that the ruling power never show preference for their own tribal history. Power is shared most equitably in Tanzania and no one tribe is favored or has the majority of power.

There are currently no travel warnings issued on Tanzania by the U.S. State Department. Kenya currently has a travel warning issued and those travelers seeking to add a safari extension to Kenya are advised to read the warning at travel.state.gov. Travel Warnings are issued when the State Department recommends that Americans avoid travel to a certain country.

Popular Souvenirs

There are plenty of opportunities for shopping during the course of your safari. Some popular souvenir items in Tanzania include wooden animal carvings, African masks and picture frames, hand woven baskets, dining sets, local paintings, jewelry, safari books, and Maasai arts and crafts (beadwork, shields, spears, jewelry, etc.). Tsavorite and Tanzanite are two popular gemstones in East Africa. Tanzanite, a bluish gemstone, is mined only in Tanzania (next to Kilimanjaro Airport).

Gift Shops

Most lodges and camps have gift shops, and three are a myriad of shops and markets in and around Arusha. One shop that we recommend in Arusha is called 'Cultural Heritage'. You can negotiate at most shops and roadside stands, except Cultural Heritage and many lodge gift shops, which have fixed prices. If you like shopping, you could spend several hours at the Cultural Heritage center in Arusha - there seems to be an infinite supply of woodcarvings, tribal masks, artifacts, paintings, and Tanzanite jewelry to look through (they also sell loose stones). Cultural Heritage has a particularly good restaurant on the premises, and many of our guests have us book lunch for them there on their layover day.

Shopping Options at Airports

Some of the best deals and selections can actually be found at the airports including Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO). There are several shops at JRO that you can peruse while waiting for your flight. Zanzibar also has great shopping opportunities and some great bargains. For unique items like tribal jewelry, small authentic carvings, etc., you can purchase from one of the Maasai Villages in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, or at the Esalali Women's Project in Karatu (between Lake Manyara and the Crater).

New Environmental Protection Laws

Many countries in Africa, including Tanzania, have recently passed new environmental protection laws prohibiting the production, sale, and use of certain plastic waste items including single-use plastic bags. This is a welcomed move to combat the growing problem that plastic waste poses to the environment.

Visitors to Tanzania are advised to avoid carrying plastic carrier bags or packing plastic carrier bags or items in their suitcase or hand luggage before embarking on a visit to Tanzania. A special desk will be designated at all entry points for surrender of plastic bags that visitors may be bringing into Tanzania. Plastic carrier items known as 'Ziploc bags' that are specifically used to carry toiletries will be permitted. Additionally, plastic for medical services, foodstuff, sanitary and waste management are permitted.

If you received a plastic shopping bag at one of the airports enroute to Tanzania, please make sure to remove any items and leave the plastic shopping bag on the plane before disembarking. Many different reusable products are available including TSA approved carry-on toiletry bags. These are clear quart sized reusable bags that are compliant with the TSA 3-1-1 rules.

Protect Yourself From Fraud

There is an unfortunate scam that a few of our returning guests have recently reported. It involves being contacted by a person pretending to be someone you interacted with during the course of your safari (such as a worker from one of the lodges or camps, or even your guide). They inevitably ask for money due to an illness in the family, an opportunity to start a new business, etc. These emails take various forms, but they have all proven to be fake. Please forward to us any emails that you may receive, and we will continue to forward them on to the local authorities in Arusha, as well as to the Tanzania Association of Tour Operators, who are trying to get to the bottom of this scam that is impacting dozens of tour operators in Tanzania.

Many hotels, lodges and camps in Tanzania require a registration card to be filled out as part of the check-in process. Please do not provide your personal email address or phone number, and instead simply write 'ADS' in all communication related fields.

Strong Equidoral Sun & High Elevation

Tanzania resides just south of the equator. The strong equatorial sun combined with the fact that you are at elevation can lead to sunburn and sun poisoning quickly. It is important that you wear a hat and apply sun block frequently to all exposed areas.

A Child-Friendly Destination

Tanzania is a very child friendly and makes a great safari destination for families. A safari to the African wilderness of Tanzania can be the single most rewarding family vacation experience. The educational opportunities and enriching activities are endless. The guides and lodge staff love children and they will receive lots of extra attention and careful looking after. However, special consideration must be given to safety when traveling with young children. Please note that many safari lodges and camps are not fenced and that wildlife does move freely in and around these areas. Under no circumstances should you let your child wander alone or out of your sight. When traveling with children it is important to follow the safety instructions of your guide and from the lodge and camp staff with regard to moving to and from your tent and while on wildlife game drives. You should not move to and from your tent/room during the night without being escorted. Some specific recommendations to make your family safari more rewarding are noted below:

• Diversify your safari experience with cultural and educational activities including visiting a Maasai Boma (i.e. village) and the museum at Olduvai Gorge, conducting the Hadzabe cultural excursion, learning about ecology at the Seronera Visitors Center or rhino conservation at the Moru Kopjes museum and touring a local Tanzanian school or orphanage. It's an enlightening experience for children to see how other children live in Tanzania (both in Arusha town and also the rural areas).
• Incorporate educational nature walks guided by traditional Maasai warriors where kids can learn to shoot a bow and arrow, track footprints, or learn about insects and various medicinal plants.
• Plan a diverse itinerary including lodges with swimming pools and try to group accommodations in two-night bundles where feasible.
• Include at least a couple nights in one of the Hemingway camps (Sametu Camp, Mara River Camp or Woodlands Camp). These bush camps make for wonderful family experiences with roasting S'mores around campfires, bush dinners, game viewing from Camp and thrilling nocturnal sounds.
• Zanzibar makes a great post safari extension including some time on the beach for various water sports and historical walking tours of ancient Stone Town.
• Have your driver-guide teach you a few Swahili words each day. Please let us know any special dietary requirements in advance. We recommend to pack snacks and other comfort foods to supplement meals and they also come in handy on longer game drives. Some suggestions include granola bars, trail mix, crackers, candy, nuts and fruit rolls. Additionally, you can purchase chips, candy bars and crackers at the various ranger stations and visitors centers throughout the national park system.
• Dehydration and sunburns can be a problem so make sure they drink lots of water and use ample amounts of sun block
• Walkie-talkies (two-way radios) are a good idea to keep in contact between rooms and tents.
• Request adjoining rooms or family suites where available (some properties have 2-bedroom family suites).
• It's a good idea for each child to have their own digital camera as this makes things more interesting and interactive (even a simple and inexpensive bridge camera would suffice).
• Provide each child with an animal checklist (see the ADS animal check-list) to record their sightings including the animal names in Swahili.
• Buy field guides and other safari related books (see ADS reading list)

Please see the section entitled Visas & Entries Requirement and paragraph on 'Traveling with Minors' for important documentation requirements if you'll be traveling with children under the age of 18

Comprehensive Travel Insurance Plan

Your upcoming trip is a significant investment, which involves risks. For this reason, Africa Dream Safaris urges all of its clients to purchase a comprehensive travel insurance plan valid for the entire duration of their trip. This insurance should cover you for events such as trip cancellation, delay or interruption, lost or delayed baggage, emergency/accident, illness and evacuation, 24-hour medical assistance and traveler's assistance.

Custom Coverage by Travel Guard

For coverage, we recommend the travel insurance product developed specifically for Africa Dream Safaris by Travel Guard Insurance. Our Africa Dream Safaris Travel Protection Plan, developed in conjunction with Travel Guard, offers an affordable, broad package of benefits and services to help you enjoy your trip. You can add this valuable coverage up until your final trip payment. To review the coverage's and pricing, please access the information via the following website, travelguard.com/africadreamsafaris. The total premium will be based on total per person trip price, including airfares. You may purchase a policy by either calling Travel Guard at 1-877-862-0394 (refer to product 008698 5/10), or from travelguard.com/africadreamsafaris.

Travel Insurance Acknowledgement

Please note that a completed "Travel Insurance Acknowledgement" form is a condition of travel, and you must return this completed form to Africa Dream Safaris before your final trip payment. Also be aware that many insurance plans provide extra coverage when the travel insurance is purchased within *15 days* of making the initial trip payment. Please read the Travel Guard brochure / application, or access information via the website travelguard.com/africadreamsafaris, for a complete description of the travel insurance benefits and assistance services.

Maximum Flexibility, Adventure & Wildlife Viewing

Africa Dream Safaris maintains a fleet of specially outfitted 4-wheel drive Stretched Land Cruisers providing for maximum flexibility, adventure, and wildlife viewing. Our spacious stretched Land Cruisers come equipped with a total of eight seats with six seats in the back under a retractable sunshade. Please note that there is no air conditioning due to the open nature of the vehicles. These are rugged 4WD vehicles capable of handling challenging terrain, rocks, and mud. Given the off-road capability of these vehicles, the ride quality can be very bumpy and noisy at times, which can be further compounded by rough dirt treks, uneven terrain, or long drives to remote areas.

Excellent Contingency Planning & Communication Systems

Flat tires are fairly common when game driving the rough tracks in the national parks. Tire changes are handled quickly by your driver-guide with little inconvenience. Vehicle breakdowns are extremely rare, as our vehicles are rigorously maintained. However, in the unusual event of a vehicle breakdown, a replacement vehicle would be immediately sent and would likely arrive within 4 to 6 hours, as support vehicles are always on standby. With our excellent contingency planning and communication systems, you'll never have to worry about being stranded (or even significantly inconvenienced) while on safari.

It may be difficult to hear your guide from the 3rd row of seats in the back of your safari vehicle. This is especially true for a group of 6 people. Additional vehicles may be booked at an additional cost, which would allow for fewer guests in each vehicle.

*Please note that our vehicles are NOT equipped with air conditioning.

Tanzania Entry Requirements

A valid passport and Tanzania Visa (purchased online in advance of travel) are required for travel to Tanzania (see the section entitled Tanzania Visas for detailed instructions on how to obtain your visa). Your passport should be valid for at least six months past your arrival date. Please make sure you have at least 2 blank pages in your passport and additional blank pages if visiting multiple countries during the course of your travels. There are no required vaccinations for entry into Tanzania except in certain situations, as described further below, when a Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate may be required. A Yellow Fever Vaccination is NOT required for all travelers flying direct to Tanzania from the U.S. or Canada. This includes flights on KLM Airlines via Amsterdam, Turkish Airlines via Istanbul, Qatar Airways via Doha.

A Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate is required for entry into Tanzania only when arriving into Tanzania from a yellow fever infected country (Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, etc.) AND where you leave the airport/clear customs in such country. For example, some of our guests arrive in Tanzania via a connecting flight in Nairobi, Kenya or Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In such instances, a yellow fever vaccination would not be required if you do not clear customs and remain 'in transit' until boarding your connecting flight to Tanzania. Please visit the CDC website for a current listing of yellow fever infected countries.

Please print (one per person) your approved Tanzania Visa Grant Notification (all pages including the cover letter, visa grant notice and the entry/arrival declaration form) and bring with you to Tanzania along with your passport valid for at least 6 months past your arrival date and with at least 2 blank pages. The Entry/Arrival Declaration Form is usually included with your Tanzania Visa and is prefilled with the same information used to complete your visa application. In the case where it was not included, you can simply print it out online and fill it out manually.

Regarding your arrival at Kilimanjaro International Airport, please make sure to retain your boarding pass as you will need to present this to enter the customs building after you have disembarked the aircraft. As a safety precaution in case of a lost passport we recommend that all guests carry a photocopy of their passport in a separate piece of luggage or scan and email your passport to your ADS sales representative.

Tanzania Visas

The Tanzanian Government has instituted an Electronic Visa Application System. All travelers arriving into Tanzania will need to purchase their Tanzania visa directly online prior to arrival. You are required to complete the online application form and submit your credit card payment for the $100 per person visa fee. After about 1 - 2 weeks, please login to the website again to print your visa and make sure to bring with you to Tanzania. Please only apply directly through the Official Government Application System at visa.immigration.go.tz/

Please refer to our step-by-step instruction guide to assist you with completing the visa application, which includes a list of helpful tips that we frequently update as we receive guest feedback: africadreamsafaris-pdfs.s3.amazonaws.com/ADS-Visa-Instructions.pdf

Northern Safari Circuit

The secret is out with Northern Tanzania and most of the general public is now aware that this area offers the very finest wildlife viewing in all of Africa. Tourists from all over the world are flocking to the famous northern safari circuit to enjoy its beautiful scenery and abundant wildlife. Please note that high vehicle concentrations in some high use areas including the Ngorongoro Crater may pose an inconvenience. To combat this potential problem, we highly recommend early morning game drives and adventure game drives to some of the more remote areas of the Serengeti, which can be even more rewarding.

Privacy of Early Morning Game Drives

Please keep in mind that by departing at 6.00am each morning, you will have most areas all to yourself until about 10.00am when the package tours begin. Our expert guides know many secret spots and strategies to get you off the beaten path and avoid vehicle concentrations. The Serengeti, in particular, is a massive park and there are plenty of areas where you will likely encounter very few other vehicles. Make sure to communicate to your driver-guide your interest in adventure and exploring the more remote areas. Additionally, by incorporating the smaller and more remotely located camps into your itinerary (as opposed to the big centrally located lodges) you will see relatively few other vehicles even in the busy summer months of July and August.

Pack Light & Smart

Safaris are extremely informal vacations and the main goal is to pack lightly and smartly. Most lodges and camps will launder your clothes for free or a small fee ($2 - $3 per item) within 24 hours. Loose fitting, casual and comfortable clothing is recommended, as you will be spending most of your safari wildlife viewing in a vehicle. Be prepared for daily highs ranging from the mid 70's to the mid 80's and lows in the 50's and 60's except during the cold season (June, July and August) when the lows can drop into the mid 40's. The rim of the Ngorongoro Crater can get significantly colder during the night and early mornings (low 40's) due to the high elevation (7,500 - 8,000 feet).

Strong Equatorial Sun

There is little or no opportunity for fashion while on safari, though you may wish to bring a nice outfit for a special dinner. All the lodges allow casual clothing and traditional safari wear while dining. There is a large temperature range each day and it is recommended to wear layers enabling you to adjust to the varying temperatures. It can be quite cold on early morning game drives so long pants and a warm sweater is needed. In contrast, shorts and t-shirts can be worn on afternoon game drives as it can get warm during midday especially with the strong equatorial sun (there is no air conditioning in the open safari vehicles though the retractable roof provides plenty of shade). It is important that you wear a wide brimmed hat and apply sun block frequently to all exposed areas when outside of the vehicle.

The Tsetse Fly

Dark colors do tend to attract unwanted attention from certain insects. The tsetse fly is active only during the day and is attracted to dark colors (primarily dark blue and black) so these should be avoided when game driving during the day (it's fine to wear dark blue or black during the nighttime). Tsetse areas include the woodlands of the West Serengeti, Tarangire and a few parts of the North Serengeti. The plains of the south and east Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater and most areas of the Central Serengeti are tsetse fly free. It is recommended to wear long pants and shirts when game driving an area known for concentrations of tsetse flies.

Low Profile Colors

Lighter and more natural colors such as khaki, brown, beige, olive and green should be worn during the day to keep a low profile and avoid spooking shy animals. We recommend avoiding bright colors that don't appear naturally 'in the bush'. White is fine, but by the end of the day it may look khaki colored due to dust while out on game drive. We recommend packing clothes that can dry fast and don't wrinkle easily. During the nights, the color of your clothing is irrelevant. From dusk to dawn, it is highly recommended that you protect yourself from mosquitoes by wearing pants, long sleeved shirts, socks, and shoes plus insect repellent.

Lightweight Moisture-Wicking Clothing

We recommend lightweight clothing with moisture-wicking technology that draws moisture away from the skin to help keep you cool and dry. Many options are available from the various online outdoor outfitters such as REI that are ideally suited for warmer climates, and many feature stretchy fabrics for maximum comfort with built-in UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) sun protection and even vented side seams.

A Typical Safari Wardrobe

To give an idea of what a typical guest would bring on safari: They would bring 4 to 6 short-sleeved or long-sleeved t-shirts to wear as a base layer and a medium-heavy weight fleece jacket to wear in the chilly morning or evening. They would bring about 3 pairs of pants, a couple pairs of shorts and plenty of socks and underwear (although most lodges will offer laundry service for a nominal fee, most kindly ask guests to exclude laundering lady's underwear due out of respect to the conservative culture, since most of the staff are men.) We recommend bringing one pair of light hiking shoes or sneakers.

Shorts or Pants?

This is simply a matter of personal preference. If you are unsure, a great compromise is to wear a pair of convertible 'safari' pants that easily convert to shorts by zipping off the pant legs. That way you can wear pants OR shorts, depending on how you feel at any given moment and without looking for a changing room! You can see a suitable selection of convertible pants at many outdoor stores or any number of online outfitters, such as REI.

*Please see below for more detailed links to packing lists and luggage tips:

Safari Packing List

Safari Packing List: Clothing

Luggage Limitations on Internal Flights

Luggage Recommendations & Tips

Really, you are a winner anytime you visit Northern Tanzania! Many of the animals are migratory, meaning they move from one area to another throughout the year, but they do follow a predictable pattern and most importantly they are always *there*, it is just a matter of knowing where to go to find them. And we do. Therefore, we strategically design your itinerary to put you where the animals are, setting you up for success no matter what time of year you ultimately go on safari. Plus, the sunny climate and high elevation of North Tanzania ensures comfortable, spring-like temperatures for wildlife viewing year round, as opposed to many lower lying areas in Africa that can get very hot and muggy. With all that being said, it is also good to understand the difference between the "green season" and the "dry season" here in Northern Tanzania, in terms of animal viewing.

Green Season (Dec-May):

The scenery is green and beautiful during this time (great colors for photography) and the animals are generally healthy and active as the green season is a time of plenty for them. Many animals time the birth of their families to coincide with the green season too, so you will be maximizing your chance to see small cubs, pups, foals, fawns, calves, etc. The green season is one of the best times to see cheetahs as you will game drive Gol Kopjes in the green season, as well as the NCA, which are favorite hangouts for cheetahs because of the open plains, short grass, and ample supply of Thompson's gazelle (their favorite prey.) The Great Migration of wildebeest and zebra will be densely concentrated on the open Southern Serengeti plains, offering a stunning spectacle you won't soon forget. The wildebeest all have their babies in February, making March , April, and May excellent times to go on safari. The great predators are never far away from this great moving buffet, so in addition to cheetahs you'll have lots of opportunities to see lions, leopards, and hyenas too. There is a chance for rain showers though even in the green season it is mostly dry, warm, and sunny (rainfall is limited to a couple inches a month and rarely impedes game drives).

Dry Season (June-Nov):

With hardly any rainfall during this time of year, the weather and associated driving conditions are fairly predictable, and the grass and foliage are sparse which can make it a bit easier to spot some of the more elusive wildlife such as leopards. The weather is also cool, with average temperature highs peaking in the low-mid 80's. The Great Migration will be surging through the pristine Northern Serengeti, which is an inherently beautiful area full of trees and other pretty scenery, so it's rather convenient when the animals are located in such a beautiful area because this is the area where you will want to spend a large amount of time, and you can enjoy both animals and scenery! Some areas like the Tarangire River will also be a huge draw to thirsty animals like elephants when smaller water sources have disappeared. Downsides to the dry season include more dust and small accommodations can book up quicker since many people in the US and Europe travel during their summer. But still, because of the nice weather, lovely scenery and consistently good wildlife viewing, the dry season is a pleasant and fairly predictable time to plan a safari.

Ngorongoro Crater and Lake Manyara are less seasonal and remain good for animal viewing year round, although they are definitely 'prettiest' in the green season.

Learn about monthly seasonal highlights and where different species migrate throughout the year.

View Migration Map

View our interactive migration map to follow the migration of 9 African species!

This is a discussion of some general wildlife viewing recommendations that we think will provide you with an overall better game viewing experience in terms of quality and quantity of wildlife seen. A good start is your detailed day-by-day safari itinerary, which includes recommendations for duration and areas of game drives based upon the month you will be traveling. Your driver-guide will also provide daily suggestions for game drives and other activities based upon current wildlife concentrations and weather. However, please keep in mind that your private safari is completely flexible and you have the freedom each day to choose your activities and game drives including number, duration and areas of exploration.

Early Morning Game Viewing

The first thing to keep in mind is that the moderate climate in Tanzania creates a comfortable environment for wildlife viewing throughout the entire day. In many parts of Africa, animals are not active during the afternoon because of the excessive heat. This is not the case in Tanzania due to temperate climate and some of the most amazing sightings do happen in the afternoon. However, the overall best time for wildlife viewing is certainly in the early morning from 6.00am to 9.00am when many animals are most active. It is a magical feeling to be game driving during the still dawn as the sun breaks the horizon while a pride of lion stirs to go hunting or a family of elephants begins their daily migration for water and forage.

We highly recommend early morning game drives each day and especially in the Serengeti National Park and Crater. All lodges and camps can prepare breakfast boxes to go (versus breakfast at the lodge) so you can maximize wildlife viewing during these critical early morning hours. Your driver-guide will certainly recommend early morning game drives each day but feel free to decline if you would rather have a more leisurely morning. Additionally, some of the more adventurous may wish to embark on full day game drives to the most remote areas of the Serengeti which will require a lunch box, as well.

Be Patient

It is also important to be patient with wildlife viewing. Instead of racing off to each animal sighting, it can be more rewarding to find an animal that interests you and stick close for an hour or longer watching different behaviors and learning about the specific animal. Something exciting will just about always happen and ultimately, you will be pleasantly surprised. Most safaris eventually offer quality-viewing opportunities of all the major large and small mammals. Lastly, please communicate with your driver-guide your specific animal interests and what level of game drives fits your specific requirements. Your guide will bend over backwards to make sure that your expectations are met and exceeded.

Learn about monthly seasonal highlights and where different species migrate throughout the year.

View Migration Map